Shahih Bukhari - 6390

Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Qutaibah bin Sa'id] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abu Bisyr Isma'il bin Ibrahim Al Asadi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Al Hajjaj bin Abi 'Utsman] telah menceritakan kepadaku [Abu Raja`] dari keluarga Abu Qilaba, telah menceritakan kepadaku [Abu Qilabah]; Umar bin Abdul aziz suatu hari menghamparkan kasur tamunya untuk umum dan memberi mereka izin, mereka pun masuk. Lantas Umar bin Abdul azis bertanya; 'bagaimana pedapat kalian tentang Qosamah? ' Kami menjawab; 'Qosamah? Qisas karena Qasamah adalah benar, para khalifah pernah memberlakukan qisas karenanya.' Lantas Umar bin Abd aziz bertanya padaku -yang ketika itu dia memberiku kedudukan special untuk membimbing masyarakat- aku menjawab; 'Wahai amirul mukminin, engkau mempunyai panglima-panglima tentara dan pejabat-pejabat elit arab, bagaimana pendapatmu sekiranya lima puluh orang diantara mereka bersaksi bahwa seseorang yang telah menikah di Damaskus melakukan perzinahan padahal mereka tidak melihatnya, apakah anda merajamnya? ' "TIDAK" Jawabnya. Saya bertanya lagi; 'Bagaimana pendapatmu sekiranya lima puluh orang diantara mereka bersaksi bahwa ada seorang laki-laki di Himsh telah mencuri, apakah engkau potong tangannya padahal mereka tidak melihatnya? ' "TIDAK" Jawabnya. Maka saya berkata; 'Demi Allah, Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam sama sekali belum pernah membunuh seorang pun kecuali karena salah satu alasan diantara tiga; Seseorang yang membunuh secara sengaja, maka ia harus dibunuh, atau seseorang yang berzina setelah menikah, atau seseorang yang memerangi Allah dan rasul-NYA dan murtad dari Islam.' Lantas orang-orang menyela pembicaraan; 'Bukankah [Anas bin Malik] menceritakan bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pernah memotong seseorang karena pencurian dan mencongkel matanya, dan membiarkan mereka terhempas di terik matahari? ' Kujawab; 'akan saya ceritakan kepada kalian hadits Anas yang Anas sendirilah yang menceritakan kepadaku; Bahwasanya sekelompok orang dari kabilah 'Ukl sejumlah delapan orang menemui Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam, mereka berbaiat kepada beliau menyatakan keIslaman. Tapi mereka tidak cocok dengan iklim Madinah sehingga tubuh mereka sakit. Lalu mereka mengadukan keluh kesahnya kepada Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam. Nabi menyarankan: "Tidakkah sebaiknya kalian berangkat bersama penggembala unta-unta kami sehingga kalian bisa memperoleh susunya dan air kencingnya (untuk berobat)?" 'baiklah' Jawab mereka. Mereka pun berangkat dan meminum susu dan air kencingnya sehingga sehat. Tapi mereka malah membunuh penggembala Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam dan merampok unta-untanya. Kejadian ini akhirnya sampai kepada Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam. Nabi pun mengirim pasukan untuk memburu jejak mereka. Mereka berhasil diringkus dan diseret di hadapan Nabi. Maka Nabi pun memerintahkan mereka untuk dipotong tangan dan kaki mereka dan mata mereka dicongkel. Lantas Nabi membuang mereka di terik panas matahari hingga tewas.' Saya bertanya; 'Siapa lagi yang lebih sadis daripada mereka? Mereka murtad dari Islam, membunuh, dan merampok.' Kemudian 'Anbasah bin Sa'id mengatakan; 'Demi Allah, saya belum pernah mendengar seperti hari ini sama sekali.' Saya berkata; 'Apakah engkau menolak haditsku ini hai 'Anbasah? ' 'tidak, engkau telah membawakan hadits seperti apa adanya. 'Demi Allah, tentara ini akan tetap dalam kebaikan selama syaikh ini hidup ditengah-tengah mereka.' Aku terus melanjutkan; dalam kasus seperti ini, juga ada pedoman lain dari Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam, kisahnya, Pernah beberapa orang anshar menemui Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam. Mereka berbincang-bincang bersama beliau, lantas seorang dari mereka keluar dari tengah-tengah mereka, dan ternyata ia dibunuh. Sesudah pembunuhan itu, para sahabat keluar, mereka temukan sahabatnya telah terbunuh bersimbah darah, sehingga mereka laporkan kasusnya kepada Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam. Kata mereka; ' Ya Rasulullah, kawan kita yang tadi berbincang-bincang bersama kita, kemudian keluar dari tengah-tengah kami, ternyata ia telah bersimbah darah.' Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam keluar dan bertanya: "Menurut kalian, siapa yang kalian terka?" dalam redaksi lain "Siapa yang kalian sangka telah membunuhnya?" Mereka menjawab; 'kami pikir, kaum yahudilah yang telah membunuhnya.' Rasul pun mengutus utusan menemui yahudi, mengundang mereka dan berujar; "apakah kalian telah membunuh kawan kami ini?" Mereka menjawab; 'Tidak'. Nabi kemudian mengatakan kepada para sahabat; "apakah kalian rela jika lima puluh orang yahudi bersumpah bahwa mereka tidak membunuhnya?" Para sahabat menjawab; 'Tentu mereka takkan peduli jika memang benar-benar membunuh kami! ' Kemudian kaum yahudi bersumpah. Lantas Nabi bertanya; "bagaimana kalau kalian memperoleh diyat asalkan lima puluh orang diantara kalian bersumpah?" Namun para sahabat tidak mau bersumpah. Akhirnya Nabi membayar diyatnya dari kantong beliau sendiri. Saya berkata; Dahulu kabilah Hudzail pernah melepaskan (membatalkan) persekutuan (ikrar perjanjian untuk bahagia-sengsara secara bersama) semasa jahiliyah. Tetapi Hudzail menyerang satu keluarga Yamani di malam buta di Bat-ha'. Seorang yamani dari penghuni rumah terjaga sehingga bisa memenggalnya dengan pedang dan berhasil membunuhnya. Kemudian penduduk Hudzail datang dan meringkus keluarga yamani dan mengadukannya kepada Umar di Al Mausim. Hudzail menyampaikan dengan berkata; 'dia telah membunuh sahabat kami.' Dia menjawab; 'sesungguhnya mereka (Hudzail) telah melepaskan perjanjiannya.' Lantas Umar mengatakan; 'Silahkan lima puluh orang Hudzail bersumpah bahwa mereka belum melepaskan perjanjiannya.' Lantas empat puluh sembilan orang Hudzail bersumpah bahwa mereka belum melepas perjanjiannya. Kemudian salah seorang dari mereka datang dari Syam, dan mereka pun meminta orang yang baru datang tersebut untuk bersumpah, namun ia enggan bersumpah sehingga harus menebus keengganan sumpahnya dengan membayar seribu dirham. Lantas Hudzail mencari pengganti lain untuk melengkapi lima puluh orang. Sedang laki-laki yang membayar tebusan tadi, mereka serahkan kepada saudara korban sehingga tangannya bergandengan dengan tangannya. Keduanya terus berjalan bersama lima puluh orang yang telah bersumpah, hingga setibanya mereka di sebuah pohon kurma, hujan mengguyur mereka sehingga mereka terperangkap dalam gua di sebuah gunung. Gua pun runtuh sehingga menimpa kelima puluh orang Hudzail yang bersumpah itu dan mereka semua mati. Kedua orang sisanya bisa lolos, namun tiba-tiba ada sebuah batu yang menggelinding ke arah mereka dan meretakkan kaki saudara yang terbunuh, ia masih bisa hidup setahun kemudian lantas meninggal. Saya berkata; Abdul Malik bin Marwan pernah mengqisas seseorang dengan bukti Qossamah, namun di kemudian hari ia menyesal dari yang dia lakukan, dan ia perintahkan kelima puluh orang yang bersumpah untuk dihilangkan dari catatan Negara dan beliau memutasikan kelima puluh orang tadi ke negeri Syam. (HR. Bukhari: 6390)

Narrated Abu Qilaba: Once ʿUmar bin ʿAbdul ʿAziz sat on his throne in the courtyard of his house so that the people might gather before him. Then he admitted them and (when they came in), he said, "What do you think of Al-Qasama?" They said, "We say that it is lawful to depend on Al-Qasama in Qisas, as the previous Muslim Caliphs carried out Qisas depending on it." Then he said to me, "O Abu Qilaba! What do you say about it?" He let me appear before the people and I said, "O Chief of the Believers! You have the chiefs of the army staff and the nobles of the Arabs. If fifty of them testified that a married man had committed illegal sexual intercourse in Damascus but they had not seen him (doing so), would you stone him?" He said, "No." I said, "If fifty of them testified that a man had committed theft in Hums, would you cut off his hand though they did not see him?" He replied, "No." I said, "By Allah, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) never killed anyone except in one of the following three situations: (1) A person who killed somebody unjustly, was killed (in Qisas,) (2) a married person who committed illegal sexual intercourse and (3) a man who fought against Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ) and deserted Islam and became an apostate." Then the people said, "Didn't Anas bin Malik narrate that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cut off the hands of the thieves, branded their eyes and then, threw them in the sun?" I said, "I shall tell you the narration of Anas. Anas said: "Eight persons from the tribe of 'Ukl came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and gave the Pledge of allegiance for Islam (became Muslim). The climate of the place (Medina) did not suit them, so they became sick and complained about that to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). He said (to them ), "Won't you go out with the shepherd of our camels and drink of the camels' milk and urine (as medicine)?" They said, "Yes." So they went out and drank the camels' milk and urine, and after they became healthy, they killed the shepherd of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and took away all the camels. This news reached Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , so he sent (men) to follow their traces and they were captured and brought (to the Prophet (ﷺ)). He then ordered to cut their hands and feet, and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron, and then he threw them in the sun till they died." I said, "What can be worse than what those people did? They deserted Islam, committed murder and theft." Then ʿAnbasa bin Saʿid said, "By Allah, I never heard a narration like this of today." I said, "O ʿAnbasa! You deny my narration?" ʿAnbasa said, "No, but you have related the narration in the way it should be related. By Allah, these people are in welfare as long as this Sheikh (Abu Qilaba) is among them." I added, "Indeed in this event there has been a tradition set by Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). The narrator added: Some Ansari people came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and discussed some matters with him, a man from amongst them went out and was murdered. Those people went out after him, and behold, their companion was swimming in blood. They returned to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said to him, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), we have found our companion who had talked with us and gone out before us, swimming in blood (killed)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) went out and asked them, "Whom do you suspect or whom do you think has killed him?" They said, "We think that the Jews have killed him." The Prophet (ﷺ) sent for the Jews and asked them, "Did you kill this (person)?" They replied, "No." He asked the Al-Ansars, "Do you agree that I let fifty Jews take an oath that they have not killed him?" They said, "It matters little for the Jews to kill us all and then take false oaths." He said, "Then would you like to receive the Diya after fifty of you have taken an oath (that the Jews have killed your man)?" They said, "We will not take the oath." Then the Prophet (ﷺ) himself paid them the Diya (Blood-money)." The narrator added, "The tribe of Hudhail repudiated one of their men (for his evil conduct) in the Pre-lslamic period of Ignorance. Then, at a place called Al-Batha' (near Mecca), the man attacked a Yemenite family at night to steal from them, but a. man from the family noticed him and struck him with his sword and killed him. The tribe of Hudhail came and captured the Yemenite and brought him to ʿUmar during the Hajj season and said, "He has killed our companion." The Yemenite said, "But these people had repudiated him (i.e., their companion)." ʿUmar said, "Let fifty persons of Hudhail swear that they had not repudiated him." So forty-nine of them took the oath and then a person belonging to them, came from Sham and they requested him to swear similarly, but he paid one-thousand Dirhams instead of taking the oath. They called another man instead of him and the new man shook hands with the brother of the deceased. Some people said, "We and those fifty men who had taken false oaths (Al-Qasama) set out, and when they reached a place called Nakhlah, it started raining so they entered a cave in the mountain, and the cave collapsed on those fifty men who took the false oath, and all of them died except the two persons who had shaken hands with each other. They escaped death but a stone fell on the leg of the brother of the deceased and broke it, whereupon he survived for one year and then died." I further said, "ʿAbdul Malik bin Marwan sentenced a man to death in Qisas (equality in punishment) for murder, basing his judgment on Al-Qasama, but later on he regretted that judgment and ordered that the names of the fifty persons who had taken the oath (Al-Qasama), be erased from the register, and he exiled them in Sham." (Bukhari: 6390)