Shahih Bukhari - 4744

Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Abul Yaman] Telah mengabarkan kepada kami [Syu'aib] dari [Az Zuhri] dan telah berkata [Al Laits] Telah menceritakan kepadaku ['Uqail] dari [Ibnu Syihab] Telah mengabarkan kepadaku [Urwah bin Zubair] bahwa ia pernah bertanya kepada Aisyah radliallahu 'anha, ia berkata padanya, "Wahai Ummul Mukminin apakah maksud firman-Nya, 'WA IN KHIFTUM ALLAA TUQSITHUU FIL YATAAMAA..' hingga firman-Nya, 'MAA MALAKAT AIMAANUKUM.'" [Aisyah] berkata, "Wahai anak saudaraku, hal ini terkait dengan anak perempuan Yatim yang berada dalam asuhan walinya, lalu sang wali pun tertarik pada kecantikan dan juga hartanya, namun ia ingin mengurangi maharnya. Lalu mereka dilarang untuk menikahi mereka kecuali dengan berlaku adil dan menyempurnakan maharnya, sehingga mereka pun diperintahkan untuk menikahi wanita-wanita lain." Aisyah berkata lagi, "Setelah itu, orang-orang meminta fatwa kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, maka Allah menurunkan ayat, 'WA YASTAFTUUNAKA FIN NISAA`..' hingga firman-Nya, 'WA TARGHABUUNA AN TANKIHUUHUNNA.' Maka di dalam ayat ini Allah menurunkan bahwa, seorang perempuan yatim itu memiliki harta, dan kecantikan, mereka pun ingin menikahinya, menginginkan nasabnya dan juga maharnya. Namun bila mereka tidak menyukai wanita itu lantaran tak mempunyai hal itu, mereka pun meninggalkan dan menikahi wanita lain." Aisyah melanjutkan, "Sebagaimana mereka meninggalkan mereka ketika mereka tak menyukainya, maka mereka tidak boleh menikahinya saat mereka ingin, kecuali dengan berbuat adil pada mereka dan memberikan haknya yang cukup sebagai mahar." (HR. Bukhari: 4744)

Narrated ʿUrwa bin Az-Zubair: that he asked ʿAisha, saying to her, "O Mother! (In what connection was this Verse revealed): 'If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with orphan girls (to the end of the verse) that your right hands possess?" (4.3) ʿAisha said, "O my nephew! It was about the female orphan under the protection of her guardian who was interested in her beauty and wealth and wanted to marry her with a little or reduced Mahr. So such guardians were forbidden to marry female orphans unless they deal with them justly and give their full Mahr; and they were ordered to marry women other than them."ʿAisha added, "(Later) the people asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), for instructions, and then Allah revealed: 'They ask your instruction concerning the women . . . And yet whom you desire to marry.' (4.127) So Allah revealed to them in this Verse that-if a female orphan had wealth and beauty, they desired to marry her and were interested in her noble descent and the reduction of her Mahr; but if she was not desired by them because of her lack in fortune and beauty they left her and married some other woman. So, as they used to leave her when they had no interest in her, they had no right to marry her if they had the desire to do so, unless they deal justly with her and gave her a full amount of Mahr." (Bukhari: 4744)