Shahih Bukhari - 6328

Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdul 'Aziz bin Abdullah] telah menceritakan kepadaku [Ibrahim bin Sa'd] dari [Shalih] dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari ['Ubaidullah bin Abdullah bin 'Utbah bin Mas'ud] dari [Ibnu 'Abbas] mengatakan; aku menyampaikan petuah-petuah untuk beberapa orang muhajirin yang diantara mereka adalah 'Abdurrahman bin Auf, ketika aku berada di persinggahannya di Mina dan dia bersama [Umar bin Khattab], di akhir haji yang dilakukannya. Tiba-tiba Abdurrahman bin Auf kembali kepadaku dan mengatakan; 'sekiranya engkau melihat seseorang yang menemui amirul mukminin hari ini, orang itu mengatakan; 'Wahai amirul mukminin, apakah engkau sudah tahu berita si fulan yang mengatakan; 'sekiranya Umar telah meninggal, aku akan berbaiat kepada fulan, pembaiatan Abu Bakar ash Shiddiq tidak lain hanyalah sebuah kekeliruan dan sekarang telah berakhir.' Umar serta merta marah dan berujar; 'Sungguh sore nanti aku akan berdiri menghadapi orang-orang dan memperingatkan mereka, yaitu orang-orang yang hendak mengambil alih wewenang perkara-perkara mereka.' Abdurrahman berkata; maka aku berkata; 'Wahai amirul mukminin, jangan kau lakukan sekarang, sebab musim haji sekarang tengah menghimpun orang-orang jahil dan orang-orang bodoh, merekalah yang lebih dominan didekatmu sehingga aku khawatir engkau menyampaikan sebuah petuah hingga para musafir yang suka menyebarkan berita burung yang menyebarluaskan berita, padahal mereka tidak jeli menerima berita dan tidak pula meletakkannya pada tempatnya, maka tangguhkanlah hingga engkau tiba di Madinah, sebab madinah adalah darul hijrah dan darus sunnah yang sarat dengan ahli fikih para pemuka manusia, sehingga engkau bisa menyampaikan petuah sesukamu secara leluasa dan ahlul ilmi memperhatikan petuah-petuahmu dan meletakkannya pada tempatnya.' Umar menjawab; 'Demi Allah, insya Allah akan aku lakukan hal itu diawal kebijakan yang kulakukan di Madinah.' Kata ibnu Abbas, Maka kami tiba di Madinah setelah bulan Dzulhijjah, begitu hari jumat kami segera berangkat ketika matahari condong hingga kutemui Sa'id bin Zaid bin 'Amru bin Nufail yang duduk ke tiang minbar, aku duduk di sekitarnya yang lututku menyentuh lututnya, tak lama aku menunggu hingga datanglah Umar bin Khattab, begitu aku melihat dia datang, saya katakan kepada Sa'id bin Zaid dan Amru bin Nufail; 'Sore ini sungguh Umar akan menyampaikan sebuah pesan yang belum pernah ia sampaikan sebelumnya semenjak dia diangkat menjadi khalifah,.' Namun Sa'id mengingkariku dengan mengatakan; 'Semoga kamu tidak kecela, Umar menyampaikan pidato yang belum pernah ia sampaikan sebelumnya.' Kemudian Umar duduk diatas minbar. Ketika juru-juru pengumuman telah diam, Umar berdiri memanjatkan pujian yang semestinya bagi-NYA, kemudian dia berkata; 'Amma ba'du, saya sampaikan maklumat kepada kalian yang telah ditakdirkan bagiku untuk menyampaikannya, saya tidak tahu mungkin pidato ini adalah menjelang kematianku, maka barangsiapa mencermatinya dan memperhatikannya dengan baik-baik, hendaklah ia menyampaikannya hingga ke tempat-tempat hewan tunggangannya pergi, dan barangsiapa yang khawatir tidak bisa memahaminya, tidak aku halalkan kepada seorang pun untuk berdusta kepadaku. Sesungguhnya Allah telah mengutus Muhammad Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam dengan membawa kebenaran, dan telah Allah turunkan al Qur`an kepadanya, yang diantara yang Allah turunkan adalah ayat rajam sehingga bisa kita baca, kita pahami dan kita cermati, Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam pernah melaksanakan hukum rajam, maka kita pun harus melakukan hukuman rajam sepeninggal beliau, aku sedemikian khawatir jika zaman sekian lama berlalu bagi manusia, ada seseorang yang berkata; 'Demi Allah, kami tidak menemukan ayat rajam dalam kitabullah, ' kemudian mereka tersesat dengan meninggalkan kewajiban yang Allah turunkan, padahal rajam menurut kitabullah adalah hak (benar) bagi orang yang berzina dan ia telah menikah baik laki-laki maupun perempuan dan bukti telah jelas, atau hamil atau ada pengakuan, kemudian kita juga membaca yang kita baca dari kitabullah, janganlah kalian membenci ayah-ayah kalian, sebab membenci ayah kalian adalah kekufuran -atau Umar mengatakan dengan redaksi; 'Sesungguhnya ada pada kalian kekufuran jika membenci ayah-ayah kalian- kemudian Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam bersabda: "janganlah kalian memujiku berlebihan sebagaimana Isa bin maryam dipuji, katakanlah bahwa aku hanyalah hamba Allah dan rasul-NYA, " kemudian sampai berita kepadaku bahwa seseorang diantara kalian berkata; 'Sekiranya Umar telah meninggal maka aku akan berbaiat kepada fulan, janganlah seseorang tertipu dengan yang mengatakan; 'hanyasanya pembaiatan Abu Bakar kebetulan dan sudah selesai, ' ketahuilah, pembaiatan itu memang telah berlalu, namun Allah menjaga keburukannya, ketahuilah bahwa orang yang mempunyai kelebihan diantara kalian, yang tak mungkin terkejar kelebihannya, ia tak akan bisa menyamai kelebihan Abu Bakar, barangsiapa berbaiat kepada seseorang tanpa musyawarah kaum muslimin, berarti ia tidak dianggap dibaiat begitu juga yang membaiatnya, yang demikian karena dikhawatirkan keduanya akan dibunuh. Diantara berita yang beresar di tengah kita adalah, ketika Allah mewafatkan Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam Shallallahu'alaihiwasallam, orang-orang anshar menyelisihi kami dan mereka semua berkumpul di Saqifah bani Sa'idah, dan Ali serta Zubair menyelisihi kami serta siapa saja yang bersama keduanya, dan orang-orang muhajirin berkumpul kepada Abu Bakar, maka aku katakan kepada Abu Bakar; 'Wahai Abu Bakar, mari kita temui kawan-kawan kita dari Anshar, ' maka kami berangkat untuk menemui mereka, tatkala kami telah mendekati mereka, dua orang shalih diantara mereka menemui kami dan mengutarakan kesepakatan orang-orang, keduanya berkata; 'Kalian mau kemana wahai orang-orang muhajirin? ' kami menjawab; 'Kami akan menemui ikhwan-ikhwan kami dari anshar.' Keduanya berkata; 'Jangan, jangan kalian dekati mereka, putuskanlah urusan kalian.' namun aku katakan; 'Demi Allah, kami harus mendatangi mereka', maka kami pun berangkat hingga mendatangi mereka di Saqifah bani Sa'idah, ternyata disana seorang laki-laki yang berselimut kain ditengah-tengah mereka, saya pun bertanya; 'Siapakah ini? ' Mereka menjawab; 'Ini Sa'd bin Ubadah.' Saya bertanya; 'kenapa dengannya? ' Mereka menjawab; 'Dia tengah sakit dan mengalami demam yang serius.' Tatkala kami duduk sebentar, juru pidato mereka bersaksi dan memanjatkan pujian kepada Allah dengan pujian yang semestinya bagi-NYA, kemudian mengatakan; "Amma ba'd. Kami adalah penolong-penolong Allah (ansharullah) dan laskar Islam, sedang kalian wahai segenap muhajirin hanyalah sekelompok manusia biasa dan golongan minoritas dari bangsa kalian, namun anehnya tiba-tiba kalian ingin mencongkel wewenang kami dan menyingkirkan kami dari akar-akarnya." Tatkala juru pidato itu diam, aku ingin berbicara dan telah aku perindah sebuah ungkapan kata yang menjadikanku terkagum-kagum dan ingin aku ungkapkan di hadapan Abu Bakar, yang dalam beberapa batasan aku sekedar menyindirnya. Tatkala aku ingin bicara, Abu Bakar menegur; 'Sebentar! ' Maka aku tidak suka jika niatku menjadikannya marah! Maka Abu Bakar berbicara yang dia lembut daripadaku dan lebih bersahaja. Demi Allah, tidaklah dia meninggalkan sebuah kata yang aku kagumi dalam susunan yang kubuat indah selain ia ucapkan dalam pidato dadakannya yang semisalnya atau bahkan lebih baik hingga dia diam. Kemudian dia mengatakan; 'Kebaikan yang kalian sebut-sebutkan memang kalian penyandangnya dan sesungguhnya masalah kekhilafahan ini tidak diperuntukkan selain untuk penduduk quraisy ini yang mereka adalah pertengahan dikalangan bangsa arab yang nasab dan keluarganya, dan aku telah meridhai salah satu dari dua orang ini untuk kalian, maka baiatlah salah seorang diantara keduanya yang kalian kehendaki.' Kemudian Abu Bakar menggandeng tanganku dan tangan Abu Ubaidah bin Al Jarrah, dan dia duduk ditengah-tengah kami. Dan tidak ada yang aku benci dari perkataannya selainnya. Demi Allah, kalaulah saya digiring kemudian leherku dipenggal dan itu tidak mendekatkan diriku kepada dosa, itu lebih aku sukai daripada aku memimpin suatu kaum padahal disana masih ada Abu Bakar ash Shiddiq, Ya Allah, kalaulah bukan karena jiwaku membujukku terhadap sesuatu pada saat kematian yang tidak aku dapatkan sekarang, rupanya ada seorang berujar; 'Aku adalah kepercayaan anshar, berpengalaman, cerdas dan tetua yang dihormati, kami punya amir dan kalian juga punya amir tersendiri, wahai segenap quraisy! ' Spontan kegaduhan terjadi seru, suara sangat membisingkan, hingga aku memisahkan diri dari perselisihan dan kukatakan; "Julurkan tanganmu hai Abu Bakar! ' Lantas Abu Bakar menjulurkan tangannya, dan aku berbaiat kepadanya, dan orang-orang muhajirinpun secara bergilir berbaiat, kemudian orang anshar juga berbaiat kepadanya, lantas kami melompat kearah Sa'd bin Ubadah sehingga salah seorang diantara mereka berujar; 'Kalian telah membunuh Sa'd bin Ubadah? ' Kujawab 'Allah yang membunuh Sa'ad bin Ubadah.' Umar melanjutkan; 'Demi Allah, tidaklah kami dapatkan urusan yang kami temui yang jauh lebih kuat daripada pembaiatan Abu Bakar, kami sangat khawatir jika kami tinggalkan suatu kaum sedang mereka belum ada baiat, kemudian mereka membaiat seseorang sepeninggal kami sehingga kami membaiat mereka diatas suatu hal yang tidak kami ridhai, atau kita menyelisihi mereka sehingga terjadi kerusakan, maka barangsiapa yang membaiat seseorang dengan tanpa musyawarah kaum muslimin, janganlah diikuti, begitu juga orang yang di baiatnya, karena dikhawatirkan keduanya terbunuh.' (HR. Bukhari: 6328)

Narrated Ibn ʿAbbas: I used to teach (the Qurʾan to) some people of the Muhajirin (emigrants), among whom there was ʿAbdur-Rahman bin 'Auf. While I was in his house at Mina, and he was with ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab during ʿUmar's last Hajj, ʿAbdur-Rahman came to me and said, "Would that you had seen the man who came today to the Chief of the Believers (ʿUmar), saying, 'O Chief of the Believers! What do you think about so-and-so who says, 'If ʿUmar should die, I will give the pledge of allegiance to such-and-such person, as by Allah, the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr was nothing but a prompt sudden action which got established afterwards.ʿUmar became angry and then said, 'Allah willing, I will stand before the people tonight and warn them against those people who want to deprive the others of their rights (the question of rulership)." ʿAbdur-Rahman said, "I said, 'O Chief of the believers! Do not do that, for the season of Hajj gathers the riff-raff and the rubble, and it will be they who will gather around you when you stand to address the people. And I am afraid that you will get up and say something, and some people will spread your statement and may not say what you have actually said and may not understand its meaning, and may interpret it incorrectly, so you should wait till you reach Medina, as it is the place of emigration and the place of Prophet's Traditions, and there you can come in touch with the learned and noble people, and tell them your ideas with confidence; and the learned people will understand your statement and put it in its proper place.' On that, ʿUmar said, 'By Allah! Allah willing, I will do this in the first speech I will deliver before the people in Medina." Ibn ʿAbbas added: We reached Medina by the end of the month of Dhul-Hijja, and when it was Friday, we went quickly (to the mosque) as soon as the sun had declined, and I saw Saʿid bin Zaid bin ʿAmr bin Nufail sitting at the corner of the pulpit, and I too sat close to him so that my knee was touching his knee, and after a short while ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab came out, and when I saw him coming towards us, I said to Saʿid bin Zaid bin ʿAmr bin Nufail "Today ʿUmar will say such a thing as he has never said since he was chosen as Caliph." Said denied my statement with astonishment and said, "What thing do you expect ʿUmar to say the like of which he has never said before?" In the meantime, ʿUmar sat on the pulpit and when the callmakers for the prayer had finished their call, ʿUmar stood up, and having glorified and praised Allah as He deserved, he said, "Now then, I am going to tell you something which (Allah) has written for me to say. I do not know; perhaps it portends my death, so whoever understands and remembers it, must narrate it to the others wherever his mount takes him, but if somebody is afraid that he does not understand it, then it is unlawful for him to tell lies about me. Allah sent Muhammad with the Truth and revealed the Holy Book to him, and among what Allah revealed, was the Verse of the Rajam (the stoning of married person (male & female) who commits illegal sexual intercourse, and we did recite this Verse and understood and memorized it. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) did carry out the punishment of stoning and so did we after him. I am afraid that after a long time has passed, somebody will say, 'By Allah, we do not find the Verse of the Rajam in Allah's Book,' and thus they will go astray by leaving an obligation which Allah has revealed. And the punishment of the Rajam is to be inflicted to any married person (male & female), who commits illegal sexual intercourse, if the required evidence is available or there is conception or confession. And then we used to recite among the Verses in Allah's Book: 'O people! Do not claim to be the offspring of other than your fathers, as it is disbelief (unthankfulness) on your part that you claim to be the offspring of other than your real father.' Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'Do not praise me excessively as Jesus, son of Marry was praised, but call me Allah's Slave and His Messenger (ﷺ)s.' (O people!) I have been informed that a speaker amongst you says, 'By Allah, if ʿUmar should die, I will give the pledge of allegiance to such-and-such person.' One should not deceive oneself by saying that the pledge of allegiance given to Abu Bakr was given suddenly and it was successful. No doubt, it was like that, but Allah saved (the people) from its evil, and there is none among you who has the qualities of Abu Bakr. Remember that whoever gives the pledge of allegiance to anybody among you without consulting the other Muslims, neither that person, nor the person to whom the pledge of allegiance was given, are to be supported, lest they both should be killed. And no doubt after the death of the Prophet (ﷺ) we were informed that the Ansar disagreed with us and gathered in the shed of Bani Saʿda. ʿAli and Zubair and whoever was with them, opposed us, while the emigrants gathered with Abu Bakr. I said to Abu Bakr, 'Let's go to these Ansari brothers of ours.' So we set out seeking them, and when we approached them, two pious men of theirs met us and informed us of the final decision of the Ansar, and said, 'O group of Muhajirin (emigrants) ! Where are you going?' We replied, 'We are going to these Ansari brothers of ours.' They said to us, 'You shouldn't go near them. Carry out whatever we have already decided.' I said, 'By Allah, we will go to them.' And so we proceeded until we reached them at the shed of Bani Saʿda. Behold! There was a man sitting amongst them and wrapped in something. I asked, 'Who is that man?' They said, 'He is Saʿd bin ʿUbada.' I asked, 'What is wrong with him?' They said, 'He is sick.' After we sat for a while, the Ansar's speaker said, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah,' and praising Allah as He deserved, he added, 'To proceed, we are Allah's Ansar (helpers) and the majority of the Muslim army, while you, the emigrants, are a small group and some people among you came with the intention of preventing us from practicing this matter (of caliphate) and depriving us of it.' When the speaker had finished, I intended to speak as I had prepared a speech which I liked and which I wanted to deliver in the presence of Abu Bakr, and I used to avoid provoking him. So, when I wanted to speak, Abu Bakr said, 'Wait a while.' I disliked to make him angry. So Abu Bakr himself gave a speech, and he was wiser and more patient than I. By Allah, he never missed a sentence that I liked in my own prepared speech, but he said the like of it or better than it spontaneously. After a pause he said, 'O Ansar! You deserve all (the qualities that you have attributed to yourselves, but this question (of Caliphate) is only for the Quraish as they are the best of the Arabs as regards descent and home, and I am pleased to suggest that you choose either of these two men, so take the oath of allegiance to either of them as you wish. And then Abu Bakr held my hand and Abu Ubada bin ʿAbdullah's hand who was sitting amongst us. I hated nothing of what he had said except that proposal, for by Allah, I would rather have my neck chopped off as expiator for a sin than become the ruler of a nation, one of whose members is Abu Bakr, unless at the time of my death my own-self suggests something I don't feel at present.' And then one of the Ansar said, 'I am the pillar on which the camel with a skin disease (eczema) rubs itself to satisfy the itching (i.e., I am a noble), and I am as a high class palm tree! O Quraish. There should be one ruler from us and one from you.' Then there was a hue and cry among the gathering and their voices rose so that I was afraid there might be great disagreement, so I said, 'O Abu Bakr! Hold your hand out.' He held his hand out and I pledged allegiance to him, and then all the emigrants gave the Pledge of allegiance and so did the Ansar afterwards. And so we became victorious over Saʿd bin Ubada (whom Al-Ansar wanted to make a ruler). One of the Ansar said, 'You have killed Saʿd bin Ubada.' I replied, 'Allah has killed Saʿd bin Ubada.ʿUmar added, "By Allah, apart from the great tragedy that had happened to us (i.e. the death of the Prophet (ﷺ)), there was no greater problem than the allegiance pledged to Abu Bakr because we were afraid that if we left the people, they might give the Pledge of allegiance after us to one of their men, in which case we would have given them our consent for something against our real wish, or would have opposed them and caused great trouble. So if any person gives the Pledge of allegiance to somebody (to become a Caliph) without consulting the other Muslims, then the one he has selected should not be granted allegiance, lest both of them should be killed." (Bukhari: 6328)